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Eye-catching Hermès window displays by Portuguese designers - Portugal Business News Luxury fashion brands News – The new Hermès window displays are by Portuguese designers from Oficina Marques. Below is the image gallery for the eye-catching Hermès 2026 winter window displays:   The new Hermès window displays across Europe are eye-catching and innovative as they are inspired by the positive emotions of Tarot cards.   The Hermès 2026 winter window displays for its stores on the Iberian Peninsula are themed “Drawn to craft,” designed by Portuguese creators Gezo Marques and José Gonçalves. The Hermès window displays are eye-catching with cards such as the Sun that evokes warmth, celebration and joy), the Empress that evokes creativity, fertility and abundance), the Fool that evokes audacity, freedom, and impulse towards novelty, the Chariot that evokes movement, advancement and conquest), the Star that evokes guidance, hope, and light that shines on the horizon) and the Temperance card that evokes balance, harmony, and healing.     Image gallery for the Hermès 2026 winter window displays:

Top 10 Mining Tech companies by growth rate in 2026 - Portugal Business News Mining Tech News – Here is the ranking of the Top 10 Mining Tech companies globally by growth rate in 2026, according to data provided by Dealroom on January 30 th , 2026:     Top 10 Mining Tech companies globally by growth rate in 2026:     1 – Durin – United States   Durin ranks No. 1 Mining Tech company globally with a 12-month growth rate of 1,000%.   Durin builds and operates automated drill rigs to accelerate mineral discovery. Durin was launched in April 2024 and has a valuation of USD 14-20 million.     2 – Vema Hydrogen - France   Vema Hydrogen ranks 2 nd Mining Tech company globally with a 12-month growth rate of 500%.   Vema Hydrogen develops stimulated geologic hydrogen. Vema Hydrogen was launched in 2024 and has a valuation of USD 52-78 million.     3 – Hades Mining – Germany   Hades Mining ranks 3rd Mining Tech company globally with a 12-month growth rate of 300%.   Hades Mining mines the building blocks of industry. Hades Mining was launched in June 2025 and has a valuation of USD 24-36 million.     4 – Aepnus Technology – United States   Aepnus Technology ranks 4 th Mining Tech company globally with a 12-month growth rate of 133%.   Aepnus Technology electrifies and decarbonizes the production of a variety of commodities. Aepnus Technology was launched in 2021 and has a valuation of USD 16-24 million.     5 – Phoenix Tailings – United States   Phoenix Tailings ranks 5 th Mining Tech company globally with a 12-month growth rate of 122%.   Phoenix Tailings is a metals refinement company extracting value from waste in the mining industry. Phoenix Tailings was launched in January 2019 and has a valuation of USD 48-73 million.     6 – EACON Mining Technology (Beijing Yikong Intelligent Driving Technology) – China   EACON Mining Technology (Beijing Yikong Intelligent Driving Technology) ranks 6 th  Mining Tech company globally with a 12-month growth rate of 77%.   EACON Mining Technology (Beijing Yikong Intelligent Driving Technology) provides sustainable autonomous haulage solutions for a safer and cleaner future. EACON Mining Technology (Beijing Yikong Intelligent Driving Technology) was launched in May 2018 and has a valuation of USD 220-330 million.     7 – ElectraLith – Australia   ElectraLith ranks 7 th  Mining Tech company globally with a 12-month growth rate of 77%.   ElectraLith provides sustainable lithium. ElectraLith was launched in December 2022 and has a valuation of USD 71-107 million.     8 – Terra AI – United States   Terra Ai ranks 8 th  Mining Tech company globally with a 12-month growth rate of 67%.   Terra AI improves critical resource development with AI. Terra AI was launched in September 2023 and has a valuation of USD 3.3 million.     9 – Karman+ - United States   Karman+ ranks 9 th  Mining Tech company globally with a 12-month growth rate of 64%.   Karman+ develops the technology to survey, prospect and mine near earth asteroids. Karman+ was launched in 2022 and has a valuation of USD 80-120 million.     10 – Watercycle Technologies – United Kingdom   Watercycle Technologies ranks 10 th Mining Tech company globally with a 12-month growth rate of 60%.   Watercycle Technologies provides graphene-based membrane systems for sustainable mineral extraction. Watercycle Technologies was launched in May 2017 and has a valuation of USD 22-34 million.

Ranking of European countries with the highest share of people living as tenants - Portugal Business News Real Estate News Europe – Here is the Ranking of European countries with the highest share of people living as tenants in 2024, according to the data published by Eurostat on February 5 th , 2026:     1 – What is the EU average share of people who are tenants?   The EU average share of people who are tenants is 31.6% in 2024.     2 - Ranking of European countries with the highest share of people who are tenants:     1 – Switzerland   Switzerland ranks No. 1 country in Europe with the highest share of people who are tenants with a share of 58% in 2024, which is well above the EU average that is 31.6%.     2 – Germany   Germany ranks 2 nd  country in Europe with the highest share of people who are tenants with a share of 52.8% in 2024, which is well above the EU average that is 31.6%.       3 – Austria   Austria ranks 3 rd  country in Europe with the highest share of people who are tenants with a share of 45.5% in 2024, which is well above the EU average that is 31.6%.       4 – Türkiye   Türkiye ranks 4 th  country in Europe with the highest share of people who are tenants with a share of 44.2% in 2024, which is well above the EU average that is 31.6%.       5 – Denmark   Denmark ranks 5 th  country in Europe with the highest share of people who are tenants with a share of 39.1% in 2024, which is well above the EU average that is 31.6%.     6 – France   France ranks 6 th  country in Europe with the highest share of people who are tenants with a share of 38.8% in 2024, which is well above the EU average that is 31.6%.       7 – Luxembourg   Luxembourg ranks 7 th  country in Europe with the highest share of people who are tenants with a share of 36.5% in 2024, which is well above the EU average that is 31.6%.       8 – Sweden   Sweden ranks 8 th  country in Europe with the highest share of people who are tenants with a share of 35.2% in 2024, which is well above the EU average that is 31.6%.       9 – Malta   Malta ranks 9 th  country in Europe with the highest share of people who are tenants with a share of 31.9% in 2024, which is above the EU average that is 31.6%.       10 – Finland   Finland ranks 10 th  country in Europe with the highest share of people who are tenants with a share of 31.9% in 2024, which is above the EU average that is 31.6%.

What is the average salary in Portugal in 2025 for different jobs? - Portugal Business News Salary News Europe – Here is the ranking of average salaries in Portugal for different jobs in 2025 as well as the salary gap between management jobs and unskilled workers, according to data published by INE in February 2026:     1 – What is the average net salary in Portugal in 2025?   The average net salary in Portugal in 2025 is 1,282 euros, that represents an annual growth rate of 8.19%.     2 - Here is the ranking of average salaries in Portugal in 2025 for different jobs:     1 – Management jobs   The average net salary in Portugal for Management jobs is 2,054 euros in 2025, that represents an annual growth rate of 7.26%.     2 – Military personnel – Armed Forces   The average net salary in Portugal for Military personnel and Armed Forces is 1,899 euros in 2025, that represents an annual growth rate of 21,19%.     3 - Science and technology experts   The average net salary in Portugal for Science and technology experts is 1,743 euros in 2025, that represents an annual growth rate of 7.53%.     4 – Technicians at intermediate levels   The average net salary in Portugal for Technicians at intermediate levels is 1,371 euros in 2025, that represents an annual growth rate of 9.07%.     5 – Assembly workers   The average net salary in Portugal for Assembly workers is 1,105 euros in 2025, that represents an annual growth rate of 7.39%.   This average net salary is lower than Portugal’s national average salary that is 1,282 euros in 2025.     6 – Administrative personnel   The average net salary in Portugal for Administrative personnel is 1,068 euros in 2025, that represents an annual growth rate of 7.44%.   This average net salary is lower than Portugal’s national average salary that is 1,282 euros in 2025.     7 – Industrial workers   The average net salary in Portugal for Administrative personnel is 1,057 euros in 2025, that represents an annual growth rate of 5.91%.   This average net salary is lower than Portugal’s national average salary that is 1,282 euros in 2025.     8 - Security guards and Salesmen   The average net salary in Portugal for Security guards and Salesmen is 976 euros in 2025, that represents an annual growth rate of 7.14%.   This average net salary is lower than Portugal’s national average salary that is 1,282 euros in 2025.     9 – Farmers and agricultural workers   The average net salary in Portugal for Farmers and agricultural workers is 930 euros in 2025, that represents an annual growth rate of 6.77%.   This average net salary is lower than Portugal’s national average salary that is 1,282 euros in 2025.     10 – Unskilled workers   The average net salary in Portugal for Unskilled workers is 790 euros in 2025, that represents an annual growth rate of 8.37%.   This average net salary is lower than Portugal’s national average salary that is 1,282 euros in 2025.     3 – What is the difference in average salary between high earners and low earners in Portugal?   The difference between the salaries for Management jobs in Portugal, at 2,054 euros, and the salaries of unskilled workers at 790 euros, corresponds to a gap of around 260%.

What were Portugal’s main tourism markets in 2025? - Portugal Business News Tourism News Europe – Here are Portugal’s main tourism markets for the year 2025, according to data published by INE in January 2026:   Portugal’s hotel industry recorded 82.1 million overnight stays in 2025, that represents an annual growth rate of 2.2%. Tourism in Portugal was divided into non-resident tourists who accounted for 57.0 million overnight stays (0.8% YOY), and resident tourists who accounted for 25.1 million overnight stays (5.4% YOY).     Here are Portugal’s main tourism markets for the year 2025:     1 – United Kingdom   The UK ranked Portugal’s No. 1 tourism market in 2025 with 17.7% of total overnight stays by non-residents.     2 – Germany   Germany ranked Portugal’s 2nd tourism market in 2025 with 11.3% of total overnight stays by non-residents.     3 – United States   The United States ranked Portugal’s 3rd tourism market in 2025 with 9.6% of total overnight stays by non-residents.   Portugal is becoming very popular with tourists from the USA with a growth rate of +5.8% of total overnight stays by non-residents.     4 – Spain   Spain ranked Portugal’s 4th tourism market in 2025 with 9.1% of total overnight stays by non-residents.     5 – France   France ranked Portugal’s 5th tourism market in 2025 with 7.4% of total overnight stays by non-residents.     6 – Canada   Canada ranked Portugal’s 6th tourism market in 2025 with a growth rate of +5.8% of total overnight stays by non-residents.

In which European countries are the highest rental prices of agricultural land? - Portugal Business News Real Estate News Europe – Here is the ranking of European countries where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest and the lowest, according to data published by Eurostat on January 26 th , 2026:     Ranking of European countries where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest and the lowest:     1 – Malta   Malta ranks No. 1 European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 201,263 euros per hectare in 2024.     2 – Netherlands   Netherlands ranks 2 nd  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 96,608 euros per hectare in 2024.     3 – Portugal   Portugal ranks 3 rd  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 76,556 euros per hectare in 2024.     4 – Ireland   Ireland ranks 4 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 50,375 euros per hectare in 2024.     5 – Luxembourg   Luxembourg ranks 5 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 48,180 euros per hectare in 2024.     6 – Austria   Austria ranks 6 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 37,600 euros per hectare in 2024.     7 – Slovenia   Slovenia ranks 7 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 28,348 euros per hectare in 2024.     8 – Denmark   Denmark ranks 8 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 22,468 euros per hectare in 2024.     9 – Poland   Poland ranks 9 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 16,118 euros per hectare in 2024.     10 – Czechia   Czechia ranks 10 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 14,835 euros per hectare in 2024.     11 – Greece   Greece ranks 11 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 14,312 euros per hectare in 2024.     12 – Spain   Spain ranks 12 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 12,778 euros per hectare in 2024.     13 – Sweden   Sweden ranks 13 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 10,706 euros per hectare in 2024.     14 – Romania   Romania ranks 14 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 8,700 euros per hectare in 2024.     15 – Bulgaria   Bulgaria ranks 15 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 8,679 euros per hectare in 2024.     16 – Finland   Finland ranks 16 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest at 8,670 euros per hectare in 2024.     17 – Estonia   Estonia ranks 17 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest and 7 th country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the lowest at 7,033 euros per hectare in 2024.     18 – France   France ranks 18 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest and 6 th country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the lowest at 6,400 euros per hectare in 2024.     19 – Hungary   Hungary ranks 19 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest and 5 th country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the lowest at 6,041 euros per hectare in 2024.     20 – Croatia   Croatia ranks 20 th  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest and 4 th country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the lowest at 5,965 euros per hectare in 2024.     21 – Slovakia   Slovakia ranks 21 st  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest and 3rd country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the lowest at 5,823 euros per hectare in 2024.     22 – Lithuania   Lithuania ranks 22 nd  European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the highest and 2nd country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the lowest at 5,590 euros per hectare in 2024.     23 – Latvia   Latvia is the No. 1 European country where the rental prices of agricultural land are the lowest at 4,825 euros per hectare in 2024.

What are the minimum wages in Europe and the USA? - Portugal Business News News Salaries Europe – Here is the ranking of minimum wages in Europe and the USA for the 2 nd  semester of 2025, according to data published by Eurostat on January 30 th , 2026:     Ranking of minimum wages in Europe and the USA:     1 – Luxembourg   Luxembourg ranks No 1 country with the highest minimum wage reaching 2,704 euros.     2 – Ireland   Ireland ranks 2 nd  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 2,282 euros.     3 – Netherlands   Netherlands ranks 3 rd  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 2,246 euros.     4 – Germany   Germany ranks 4 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 2,161 euros.     5 – Belgium   Belgium ranks 5 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 2,112 euros.     6 – France   France ranks 6 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 1,802 euros.     7 – Spain   Spain ranks 7 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 1,381 euros.     8 – Slovenia   Slovenia ranks 8 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 1,278 euros.     9 – Poland   Poland ranks 9 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 1,100 euros.     10 – United States   The United States ranks 10 th country with the highest minimum wage compared to European countries reaching 1,072 euros.     11 – Lithuania   Lithuania ranks 11 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 1,038 euros.     12 – Greece   Greece ranks 12 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 1,027 euros.     13 – Portugal   Portugal ranks 13 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 1,015 euros.     14 – Cyprus   Cyprus ranks 14 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 1,000 euros.     15 – Croatia   Croatia ranks 15 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 970 euros.     16 – Malta   Malta ranks 16 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 961 euros.     17 – Estonia   Estonia ranks 17 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 886 euros.     18 – Czechia   Czechia ranks 18 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 841 euros.     19 – Slovakia   Slovakia ranks 19 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 816 euros.     20 – Romania   Romania ranks 20 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 797 euros.     21 – Latvia   Latvia ranks 21 st  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 740 euros.     22 – Hungary   Hungary ranks 22 nd  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 727 euros.     23 – Montenegro   Montenegro ranks 23 rd  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 670 euros.     24 – Serbia   Serbia ranks 24 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 618 euros.     25 – North Macedonia   North Macedonia ranks 25 th country with the highest minimum wage reaching 584 euros.     26 – Türkiye   Türkiye ranks 26 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 558 euros.     27 – Bulgaria   Bulgaria ranks 27 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 551 euros.     28 – Albania   Albania ranks 28 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 408 euros.     29 – Moldova   Moldova ranks 29 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 279 euros.     30 – Ukraine   Ukraine ranks 30 th  country with the highest minimum wage reaching 164 euros.     It is to be noted that there is no minimum wage data for: Denmark, Italy, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and UK.

Top 10 VCs that invest seed capital in Portuguese startups - Portugal Business News Startup Investment News – Here is the ranking of the Top 10 VCs that invest seed capital in Portuguese startups, according to the latest report by the University of Lisbon with Dealroom.     Top 10 VCs that invest seed capital in Portuguese startups:     1 – Portugal Ventures – Portugal 2 – Shilling VC - Portugal 3 – Indico Capital Partners - Portugal 4 – Lince Capital - Portugal 5 – Caixa Capital - Portugal 6 – Techstars - USA 7 – Demium Capital – Spain 8 – EDP Ventures – Portugal 9 – Iberis Capital – Portugal 10 – Olisipo Way - Portugal

Mesh Security raises $12 million in a Series A funding round - Portugal Business News Startup Investment News – Mesh Security just raised USD 12 million in a Series A funding round led by Lobby Capital with participation from S Ventures (SentinelOne CVC) and Bright Pixel Capital.   Mesh Security, that was founded in 2022, is headquartered in California. Mesh Security is the world's first CSMA (Cybersecurity Mesh Architecture) platform for enterprise-wide visibility and control, without agents and working as one system.   " Enterprises are reaching the limits of tool-centric security, boards are demanding measurable risk reduction, and CSMA has emerged as the industry’s architectural direction, but execution has lagged. Mesh Security is delivering the missing execution layer for CSMA ", explained Alexa Fedyukova from S Ventures.   Rather than replacing your existing stack, Mesh unifies it by connecting cloud, identity, endpoints, network, CI/CD, and SaaS into a single operational system with continuous posture management and automated Zero Trust enforcement.     This funding will accelerate the mission of Mesh Security, that is to enable security teams to execute, not just observe, thus eliminating exposure through autonomous, system-level operations.

The Economist Top 10 ranking of Venture Hubs - Portugal Business News News Economy World – Here is The Economist Top 10 ranking of Venture Hubs globally according to the report “How London became the rest of the world’s startup capital” published on January 26 th , 2026:     The Economist Top 10 ranking of Venture Hubs globally:     1 – San Francisco – USA   San Francisco ranks No. 1 Venture Hub globally, raising the highest amount of Venture capital reaching 154 billion dollars in 2025.     2 – New York – USA   New York ranks 2 nd  Venture Hub globally, raising the highest amount of Venture capital reaching 25 billion dollars in 2025.     3 – Los Angeles – USA   Los Angeles ranks 3 rd  Venture Hub globally, raising the highest amount of Venture capital reaching nearly 20 billion dollars in 2025.     4 – London – UK   London ranks 4 th  Venture Hub globally, raising the highest amount of Venture capital reaching nearly 20 billion dollars in 2025.   According to The Economist: “ Outside America, no other city comes close. ” London has produced more unicorns ($1bn-plus startups) than Berlin, Paris and Tokyo combined. Their alumni are now spawning a second generation of firms and London is therefore one of the best places in the world to start a company.       5 – Boston – USA   Boston ranks 5 th  Venture Hub globally, raising the highest amount of Venture capital reaching nearly 15 billion dollars in 2025.     6 – Austin – USA   Austin ranks 6 th  Venture Hub globally, raising the highest amount of Venture capital reaching nearly 10 billion dollars in 2025.     7 – Paris, France   Paris ranks 7 th  Venture Hub globally, raising the highest amount of Venture capital reaching nearly 10 billion dollars in 2025.     8 – Seattle, USA   Seattle ranks 8 th  Venture Hub globally, raising the highest amount of Venture capital reaching over 5 billion dollars in 2025.     9 – Beijing, China   Beijing ranks 9 th  Venture Hub globally, raising the highest amount of Venture capital reaching 5 billion dollars in 2025.     10 – Bangalore, India   Bangalore ranks 10 th  Venture Hub globally, raising the highest amount of Venture capital reaching 5 billion dollars in 2025.

Portugal launches an accelerator for the EU Defence sector - Portugal Business News Defence News Europe - Portugal launches an accelerator for the EU Defence sector through Startup Leiria:   More than 50 Portuguese and international Defence startups participated in training, mentoring and networking and the selected projects are now moving to the business and investment phase, with access to investors, incubation and integration in the Defense ecosystem.   Startup Leiria the Defense Accelerator Demo Day held in January, a program pioneer in Portugal dedicated exclusively to training startups and companies for the entry into the sector of Defense, Security and Dual-Use Technologies (civil and military). The initiative positions Portugal in the European innovation ecosystem in a strategic area for Europe.   Portugal’s Defense Accelerator selected 30 teams with high technological potential solutions and ambitions in line with the high-level requirements of the EU Defence sector.   Over two months, the selected teams participated in an intensive specialized training, with sessions focused on key topics such as access to Defense, the regulatory framework, public procurement, certifications, scalability, technological and collaboration with institutional and industrial entities. The program also had the support of idD Portugal Defence and the Portuguese Association of Defense Companies, as well as the contribution of a specialized body of mentors and experts in the national and international Defense and Security ecosystem.   Portugal’s Defence initiative is spearheading the Defence sector as "readiness facilitator" for European funding and NATO, preparing startups to reach the required EU levels.

Top 10 EU countries that issue the most residence permits - Portugal Business News EU Residency News – Here is the ranking of the Top 10 EU countries that issued the most single residence permits in 2024, according to a Eurostat report published on January 27th 2026:   More than 4.6 million single residence permits were issued in the EU in 2024. The number of single permits issued has risen for two consecutive years, reaching 4,607,257 in 2024. This was the highest number recorded, representing an increase of 13.6 % compared with 2023 with 4,056,150 single permits issued and 28.0 % compared with 2022 with 3,598,032 single permits issued.     Top 10 EU countries that issue the most single residence permits:     1 – Portugal   Portugal ranks No. 1 EU country that issued the most single residence permits with 1,214,086 residency permits issued in 2024, that is 26.4% of the total number of single residence permits issued, according to Eurostat.     2 – France   France ranks 2 nd  EU country that issued the most single residence permits with 993,247 residency permits issued in 2024, that is 21.6% of the total number of single residence permits issued, according to Eurostat.     3 – Spain   Spain ranks 3 rd  EU country that issued the most single residence permits with 644,194 residency permits issued in 2024, that is 14% of the total number of single residence permits issued, according to Eurostat.     4 – Italy   Italy ranks 4 th  EU country that issued the most single residence permits with 284,087 residency permits issued in 2024, that is 6.2% of the total number of single residence permits issued, according to Eurostat.     5 – Croatia   Croatia ranks 5 th  country that issued the most single residence permits with 197,891 residency permits issued in 2024, that is 4.3% of the total number of single residence permits issued, according to Eurostat.     6 – Poland   Poland ranks 6 th  country that issued the most single residence permits with 181,338 residency permits issued in 2024, that is 3.9% of the total number of single residence permits issued, according to Eurostat.     7 – Sweden   Sweden ranks 7 th  country that issued the most single residence permits with 114,282 residency permits issued in 2024, that is 2.5% of the total number of single residence permits issued, according to Eurostat.     8 – Romania   Romania ranks 8 th  country that issued the most single residence permits with 116,328 residency permits issued in 2024, that is 2.5% of the total number of single residence permits issued, according to Eurostat.     9 – Austria     Austria ranks 9 th  country that issued the most single residence permits with 108,786 residency permits issued in 2024, that is 2.4% of the total number of single residence permits issued, according to Eurostat.     10 – Finland   Finland ranks 10 th  country that issued the most single residence permits with 108,682 residency permits issued in 2024, that is 2.4% of the total number of single residence permits issued, according to Eurostat.